Anatomy & Physiology

Every movement, sensation and physical response depends on how the structures and systems of the body work together.

Anatomy and physiology provide the foundation for understanding movement, stability, pain and physical function. Rather than looking only at where discomfort is felt, understanding the body helps us consider which structures are involved, how they interact and what may be contributing to changes in movement or function.

Structure, Movement & Stability

The body does not function as a collection of separate parts.

Bones provide the structural framework of the body. They support body weight, protect important organs and provide attachment points for muscles. However, the skeleton cannot actively move or stabilise itself.

Muscles provide active force and control. Through coordinated contraction, muscles move the skeleton, maintain posture, support joint stability and help distribute physical loads.

Around this framework, joints permit movement, tendons transfer muscular force, ligaments contribute to stability, fascia connects and surrounds tissues, and the nervous system coordinates movement and sensation.

Understanding these relationships is important because where pain is felt is not necessarily where all contributing factors are located.

 

What You Need to Understand

This section builds knowledge across the key structures and systems involved in human movement and function:
Muscles: contraction, strength, movement, posture and stability


Bones: structure, support, protection and load bearing


Joints: movement, mobility and stability


Tendons: transferring force from muscle to bone


Ligaments: supporting and stabilising joints


Fascia: connective tissue surrounding and linking body structures


Nerves: sensation, motor control and communication


Blood Vessels & Circulation: blood flow, oxygen and nutrient delivery


Lymphatic System: fluid balance and immune function


Body Regions: head, neck, shoulder, spine, back, arm, hip, leg and foot

These topics provide the anatomical foundation needed to explore more complex subjects such as pain, injury, movement assessment, clinical reasoning and treatment.

 

Build Your Understanding

The purpose is not simply to memorise anatomical names. It is to understand the relationships between structure and function so that movement, symptoms and treatment can be considered more clearly.

Explore Anatomy & Physiology

Use the articles below to explore individual structures, body regions and physiological systems in greater depth.

Explore Anatomy & Physiology →